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The story behind freedom of India is just courage and sacrifice. Let's read this article.
Social evil like Caste system kept the people divided and backward. People from low caste treated badly and untouchables by higher caste. Gandhi ji decided to work for unity for those people. He gave the name 'Harijans' to those people. He asked them to not to follow the caste system.
After world war 1, British govt. Made several acts and law which were harsh and violated the basic rights of Indians. One of such acts was the Rowlatt Act of 1919. Anybody could be arrested according to this law.
Gandhi ji asked people to protest this unjust laws. Demonstrations and meeting were help all over the nation. Almost whole country joined the Satyagraha Movement.
Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy-
On 13 April, 1919, In jallianwala bagh Amritsar, held a public meeting. It this meeting attended by more than 10000 men, women and children. There was only one entrance gate which was blocked by British army and the orders of General Dyer, the army started firing at innocent people. More than 1000 people killed and many more people wounded. After the Jallianwala Bagh incident, Mahatma Gandhi started Non-Coorperation Movement . In this movement, people were asked not to cooperate with British Government posts, Refused to pay taxes and Boycott all foreign goods, children stopped going to government schools and colleges. Then they joined Indian schools and colleges.
During the Non-Coorperation movement, many young leaders joined Gandhi ji. Among them were Jawaharlal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu, Subash Chandra Bose, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Maulana Abul kalam Azad.
REVOLUTIONARIES
Some people believed that Violence is the only answer to violence. They were known as revolutionaries . Among them Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, B.K. Dutt, Rajguru, Ramprasad 'Bismil' and Jatin Das.
In 1926, British made certain changes in administration as law and order was difficult to handle. They sent a commission under Sir Simon to India. He was sent to investigate what wrong so that new changes could be implemented. The people greeted the commission with black flags and shouted, 'Simon go back'.
In this protest Lala Lajpat Rai was very badly injured in lathi charge because of this he died after few days.
On 8 April,1929. Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt exploded two bombs on Central Assembly. They made no attempt to escape. Bhagat singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were died. Jatin das died in jail. Many revolutionaries died for their motherland.
Gandhi ji launched the Civil Disobedience Movement. He called the Indians to Boycott foreign goods and refuse to pay taxes, Gandhi ji start the movement by Breaking salt law. This law did not permit Indians to make salt from the sea. He along with with his followers led a procession in Ahmedabad to Dandi to break the salt law. This journey was called 'Dandi March'. More people joined the movement across the country. When the British government found difficult to handle the movement, then they passed The Government of India Act was passed in 1935. It permitted more participation in administration. But practically all power still remained in British hands. People not happy with this changes. The Congress took part in elections and won in many states.
Quit India Movement-
The world war 2 broke out in 1939 British forces india into the war without consent of Indian leaders. They demanded complete independence before joining the war. But British ignored their demand. Under the leadership of Gandhi ji the Indian National Congress started 'Quit India Movement'. Then the British immediately arrested Gandhi ji and others leaders.
Subah Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army
Subhash Chandra Bose elected in President of INC twice. In 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose formed the Indian National Army with the help of Japan. The Aim was to remove British rule from India. Subhash Chandra Bose gave the slogans 'Jai Hind' and 'Dilli chalo' The world war 2 ended in 1945. British realised that they could no longer rule over India. They agreed to free India. But the country would divided into two parts India and Pakistan.
India became free from British in 15 August 1947. The first Prime Minister of India was Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru and the first President was Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
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