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Beirut Explosion
A massive explosion rocked at the Leanese capital of Beirut on Tuesday evening, leaving at least 180+ deaths and thousands of injured.
Leanese country's prime minister Hassan Diab said the blast was caused by almost 2700 tonnes of ammonium nitrate stored near the city's cargo port.
Science behind the explosion
The main cause of the explosion was the large stock of Ammonium Nitrate that was stored in warehouse in an unsafe manner.
Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Nitrate has the chemical formula NH4NO3. Produced as small porous pellets, it's one of the world's most widely used fertilisers.
What Could Have Caused The Explosion?
At high enough temperature, ammonium nitrate can violently decompose on it's own. This process creates gases including nitrogen oxides and water vapour. It is this rapid release of gases that causes an explosion.
What Could Have Caused The Explosion?
Ammonium Nitrate does not burn on it's own. Instead, it acts as a source of oxygen that can accelerate the combustion of other materials.
For combustion to occur, oxygen must be present. Ammonium Nitrate prills provide a much more concentrated supply of oxygen that the air around us. This is why it is effective in mining explosives, where it's mixed with oil and other fuels.
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